Effects of suburbanization upon snowmelt runoff
نویسندگان
چکیده
The influence of suburbanization upon runoff response to snowmelt and rain-on-snow inputs was examined for a small drainage basin in south-central Ontario. Modification of more than 50% of the basin area over a 14 year period led to a six-fold increase in the spring quickflow response ratio and an increase in the number of snowmelt events that generate appreciable quickflow. Anticipated changes in mean peak discharge, time of rise and quickflow response ratio did not emerge, and the influence of development upon these streamflow characteristics may have been overshadowed by annual changes in basin antecedent conditions. The distinction between hydrograph properties associated with snowmelt and rain-on-snow events has become more pronounced with suburbanization. Rain-on-snow generated higher maximum peak flows and lower average peak discharge per unit input compared with snowmelt, and these differences were accentuated by development of the basin. Rainon-snow also produced more variable time of rise values, while the reduction in hydrograph recession coefficients that accompanied suburban development was most apparent for snowmelt events. The results suggest that suburbanization can have a subtle, yet real, influence upon basin runoff regime during spring snowmelt. Les conséquences du développement suburbain sur le débit durant les fontes printanières Résumé L'influence du développement suburbain sur les débits écoulés à la suite de fonte des neiges proprement dite ou après les averses de pluie sur la neige a été étudiée dans un bassin situé au sud de la partie centrale de l'Ontario. Le site d'étude a subir des modifications sur plus de 50% de son étendue étalées sur une période de 14 années. Le rapport d'écoulement rapide des eaux pendant les fontes printanières a augmenté six fois suite à ces modifications du bassin. Le nombre d'événements de fonte qui donnent naissance à ces écoulements rapides a subi une augmentation appréciable. Des changements anticipés soit au niveau du débit de pointe moyen, du temps de montée ainsi que du rapport d'écoulement rapide n'étaient pas apparents dans les données. Il est possible que ces paramètres aient été masqués par Open for discussion until I December 1990 285
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